A restatement and modification of Wells-Hering's laws of visual direction

The laws of visual direction proposed by Wells some 200 years ago and Hering over 100 years ago are restated as three laws with the terminology of these two pioneers. This restatement serves both to honour their work and to strengthen some of the weaknesses in their original treatises. Second, two simple experiments, or tests of the laws, which the readers can readily perform by using their fingers as stimuli, are illustrated. Third, one of the three laws is modified to incorporate recent findings. Fourth, two recent experiments relevant to these new laws are described briefly, and their theoretical and methodological implications are discussed.