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Complement levels and exposure in the hypobaric chamber

W H Brook1, J Secombe, D Seychell

  • 1Department of Anatomy, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.

Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine
|May 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Complement activation metabolites C3a and C5a did not significantly change after hypobaric exposure in individuals who did not develop decompression sickness. Further research is needed to assess these markers in symptomatic individuals.

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Immunology
  • Aerospace Medicine

Background:

  • Decompression sickness (DCS) can occur during hypobaric chamber runs.
  • Complement activation metabolites, C3a and C5a, are linked to DCS susceptibility.
  • Measuring these metabolites could aid in DCS diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate changes in C3a and C5a levels following hypobaric exposure.
  • To determine if these complement metabolites can serve as biomarkers for DCS susceptibility or diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Blood samples were collected from 13 volunteers before, 1 hour after, and 24 hours after exposure to 25,000 ft simulated altitude.
  • Complement activation metabolites C3a and C5a were measured.
  • Results were compared to 4 control subjects.

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Main Results:

  • No significant differences in C3a or C5a levels were found between the experimental and control groups at any time point.
  • The C5a assay sensitivity was limited, potentially masking subtle changes.
  • One participant with extensive chamber run history showed elevated C3a levels.

Conclusions:

  • Current C3a and C5a assays did not detect significant changes in asymptomatic individuals after hypobaric exposure.
  • Further studies are required to evaluate C3a and C5a in individuals who develop DCS.
  • The impact of repeated hypobaric exposure on complement activation warrants additional investigation.