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Related Concept Videos

The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

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The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
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The Auditory Ossicles01:11

The Auditory Ossicles

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The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancing Endoscopic Ossiculoplasty – Techniques, Innovations, and Practical Guidance for Clinical Integration
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[Obliterative otosclerosis]

J F Hurtado García1, J J López-Rico, J Talavera Sanchez

  • 1Servicio de ORL, Hospital General Universitario, Alicante.

Acta Otorrinolaringologica Espanola
|May 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

True obliterative otosclerosis, a rare condition, presents surgical challenges with oval window prosthesis insertion. Surgical outcomes show a slightly lesser gap closure compared to typical otosclerosis, with a risk of re-obstruction.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Medical device implantation

Context:

  • True (grade IV) obliterative otosclerosis involves loss of oval window limits, necessitating advanced surgical techniques.
  • This specific condition represents only 6.2% of all otosclerosis surgeries performed.
  • The study reviewed 38 cases operated between 1974 and 1992.

Purpose:

  • To review surgical outcomes for true obliterative otosclerosis.
  • To assess the efficacy of prosthesis insertion in cases with obliterated oval windows.
  • To compare surgical results with those of standard otosclerosis.

Summary:

  • The average preoperative hearing gap was 39 dB.
  • Prosthesis insertion requires significant drilling and surgical expertise.
  • The average gap closure achieved was 13 dB, slightly less than in typical otosclerosis.
  • A potential risk of re-obstruction of the oval window exists post-surgery.

Impact:

  • Highlights the complexities and specific challenges of treating true obliterative otosclerosis.
  • Provides data on surgical outcomes, informing patient selection and surgical planning.
  • Suggests the need for careful monitoring due to the risk of re-obstruction.