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Methane formation and methane oxidation by methanogenic bacteria

A J Zehnder, T D Brock

    Journal of Bacteriology
    |January 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Methanogenic bacteria simultaneously produce and oxidize methane, with oxidation rates varying by strain. This simultaneous process, crucial for understanding microbial methane cycling, is inhibited by 2-bromoethanesulfonic acid.

    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Environmental Science
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Methanogenic bacteria are key players in the global carbon cycle.
    • Understanding the complete metabolic pathways of these microorganisms is essential for environmental and biotechnological applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the simultaneous methane formation and oxidation by various methanogenic bacterial strains.
    • To identify the oxidation products and intermediates of methane metabolism in these bacteria.
    • To elucidate the relationship between methane formation and oxidation pathways.

    Main Methods:

    • Culturing of nine different methanogenic bacterial strains.
    • Quantification of methane oxidation rates relative to methane formation.
    • Identification of methane oxidation products (e.g., carbon dioxide, acetate, methanol) using analytical techniques.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Inhibition studies using 2-bromoethanesulfonic acid.
  • Short-term labeling experiments with isotopes.

    • Main Results:

    • All nine tested methanogenic strains exhibited simultaneous methane oxidation, converting methane to carbon dioxide.
    • Oxidation rates varied significantly (0.001–0.3%) among strains.
    • Methane was assimilated into cell material, and methanol and acetate were identified as oxidation products in specific strains (e.g., Methanosarcina barkeri).
    • 2-bromoethanesulfonic acid equally inhibited both methane formation and oxidation.
    • Labeling experiments indicated that methane oxidation is not a simple reversal of methane formation.

    Conclusions:

    • Methanogenic bacteria possess a significant capacity for simultaneous methane oxidation alongside methane production.
    • The metabolic pathways for methane oxidation are diverse among methanogens and distinct from the reverse of methanogenesis.
    • These findings have implications for understanding methane cycling in anaerobic environments and potential biotechnological applications.