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The S100 protein family: history, function, and expression
D B Zimmer1, E H Cornwall, A Landar
1Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile 36688, USA.
Brain Research Bulletin
|January 1, 1995
Summary
The S100 family of calcium binding proteins regulates diverse cellular functions. Their expression and function in the nervous system are crucial for development, function, and disease.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
- Neuroscience
Background:
- The S100 protein family comprises approximately 16 calcium-binding proteins.
- These proteins exhibit unique tissue-specific expression patterns.
- Several S100 members are implicated in nervous system development, function, and disease.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the known functions of S100 proteins, particularly S100A1 and S100B.
- To explore the molecular mechanisms of S100 protein function, including calcium modulation and target protein interactions.
- To highlight the conserved gene structures and complex regulatory mechanisms of S100 expression.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on S100 protein family.
- Analysis of S100 protein structure, including EF-hand domains and linker regions.
- Examination of gene structure and expression regulation mechanisms.
Main Results:
- S100 proteins regulate cell-cell communication, growth, structure, metabolism, and signal transduction.
- Most S100 proteins function intracellularly as calcium-modulated proteins.
- Interactions with target proteins involve cysteine residues and a linker region.
Conclusions:
- S100 proteins play significant roles in cellular processes.
- Understanding S100 expression and function is vital for neurological research.
- Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of altered S100 expression in nervous system disorders.