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Risk factors for prostate cancer

T Key1

  • 1Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford.

Cancer Surveys
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Prostate cancer risk is linked to age, genetics, and Western lifestyle factors like diet. Further research is needed to clarify the impact of environmental influences and lifestyle on cancer development.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Oncology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Prostate cancer risk factors include age, family history, and Westernized societal living, particularly for Black populations.
  • While genetics play a role, significant geographical variations suggest environmental factors are crucial in prostate cancer development.
  • Existing research indicates potential links between dietary fat/meat consumption and increased prostate cancer risk, though effect sizes may be underestimated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize current evidence on risk factors for prostate cancer.
  • To identify areas where further research is critically needed to understand prostate cancer etiology.
  • To evaluate the strength of evidence for various environmental and lifestyle factors influencing prostate cancer risk.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing epidemiological studies on prostate cancer.
  • Analysis of evidence regarding dietary factors, lifestyle, and other potential risk factors.
  • Identification of limitations in current research, such as measurement inaccuracies and potential biases.

Main Results:

  • Dietary fat and/or meat intake show consistent, albeit small, associations with increased prostate cancer risk.
  • Evidence does not support a link between carotene intake and prostate cancer risk.
  • Associations between high sexual activity, sexually transmitted diseases, and vasectomy require further investigation to rule out biases.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental and lifestyle factors, particularly diet, are significant contributors to prostate cancer risk alongside genetic predispositions.
  • Further prospective studies utilizing detailed dietary and lifestyle questionnaires, along with biological samples, are essential.
  • Clarifying the role of environmental factors and mitigating biases are critical next steps in prostate cancer research.

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