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A review of impedance cardiography
L Jensen1, J Yakimets, K K Teo
1Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
Objective:
To review the reliability and validity estimates of impedance cardiography to assess its empirical precision and clinical usefulness.
Data Source:
Empirical and theoretical literature mainly within the last 10 years.
Data Synthesis:
Descriptive statistics used to summarize the accuracy and use of impedance cardiography to estimate stroke volume.
Conclusions:
Estimation of cardiac output is presently a core component of optimizing cardiac function in many patient populations. Impedance cardiography, which initially used a formula developed by Kubicek et al. and recently a formula developed by Sramek and Bernstein, remains controversial with regard to its accuracy and use in research and clinical practice.