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Electron microscopic studies on the lamprey meninges

T Nakao

    The Journal of Comparative Neurology
    |January 15, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary

    Lamprey meninges possess four distinct layers, differing from higher vertebrates. A unique gelatinous layer replaces the subarachnoid space, offering insights into vertebrate meningeal evolution.

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    Area of Science:

    • Comparative anatomy
    • Neuroscience
    • Evolutionary biology

    Background:

    • The meninges, protective membranes surrounding the central nervous system, exhibit variations across vertebrate species.
    • Understanding lamprey meninges provides insights into the ancestral structure of vertebrate meninges.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the detailed histological structure of lamprey meninges.
    • To compare the lamprey meningeal structure with that of higher vertebrates.

    Main Methods:

    • Histological examination of lamprey meninges.
    • Microscopic analysis of cellular and extracellular components.

    Main Results:

    • Lamprey meninges comprise four distinct layers: Layer I (dura homologue), Layer II (arachnoid homologue), Layer III (unique gelatinous layer), and Layer IV (pia homologue).
    • Layer I contains collagen, microfibrils, fibrocytes, and an epidural vascular plexus.
    • Layer II is cellular with membranous and spongy parts, featuring type 1 and type 2 cells connected by various junctions.
    • Layer III is a thick, gelatinous matrix layer.
    • Layer IV is fibrous with vascular and loose parts, containing a perineural vascular plexus.

    Conclusions:

    • Lamprey meninges exhibit a unique four-layered structure with a distinct gelatinous layer (Layer III) replacing the subarachnoid space.
    • The identified layers show homologies to the dura, arachnoid, and pia of higher vertebrates, indicating evolutionary relationships.
    • The absence of a subarachnoid space and the presence of the gelatinous layer are characteristic features of lamprey meninges.

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