Cerebral source localization paradigms: spatiotemporal source modeling

Spatiotemporal source modeling (STSM) attempts to interpret multichannel scalp recordings in terms of their contributing brain areas. Localization accuracy is generally limited by spatially correlated residual noise and by modeling simplifications. For signals emanating simultaneously from several sources, however, correct interpretation of the source structure is the prime concern. The discussion of various STSM methods emphasizes this validity issue. Methods are proposed for systematic search of alternate source models also consistent with the data, in order to prevent unwarranted conclusions, and for combining information from different montages and from data variability across trials to impose severe objective criteria for consistency of a source model with the data.