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Subdermal contraceptive implants

O Peralta1, S Diaz, H Croxatto

  • 1Instituto Chileno de Medicina Reproductiva (ICMER), Santiago.

The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
|June 1, 1995
PubMed
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Subdermal contraceptive implants offer long-term, reversible birth control. Newer implants aim to improve upon existing methods like Norplant by reducing side effects and simplifying usage.

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Contraception
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Subdermal contraceptive implants deliver progestin for 1-5 years.
  • The levonorgestrel implant (Norplant) is currently approved, offering high efficacy but sometimes causing menstrual issues.
  • Ongoing development focuses on implants with fewer units and minimized side effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the efficacy and development of subdermal contraceptive implants.
  • To highlight advancements in implant technology and formulations.
  • To assess the safety and acceptability of new progestin-releasing implants.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on subdermal contraceptive implants.
  • Analysis of clinical trial data for Norplant, Norplant-2, Nestorone, Implanon, and Uniplant.
Keywords:
ContraceptionContraception ResearchContraceptive AgentsContraceptive Agents, FemaleContraceptive Agents, ProgestinContraceptive ImplantsContraceptive MethodsFamily PlanningLevonorgestrel

Related Experiment Videos

  • Evaluation of contraceptive efficacy, side effect profiles, and user acceptability.

    • Main Results:

    • Norplant demonstrates high contraceptive efficacy (0.2-1.1% annual pregnancy rate) but discontinuation due to menstrual problems occurs in 9% of users.
    • Norplant-2 shows a cumulative pregnancy rate below 0.5% over 2 years.
    • Newer implants like Nestorone and Implanon show promising results with minimal pregnancies in trials, though bleeding irregularities remain a concern.

    Conclusions:

    • Subdermal contraceptive implants provide highly effective, long-acting reversible contraception.
    • Continuous innovation aims to enhance user acceptability by reducing side effects and simplifying administration.
    • Further research and clinical trials are essential to establish the long-term safety and efficacy of emerging implant technologies.