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Toxicokinetics of the mycotoxin fumonisin B2 in rats
G S Shephard1, P G Thiel, E W Sydenham
1Programme on Mycotoxins and Experimental Carcinogenesis, Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa.
Abstract:
Fumonisin B2 (FB2), a secondary metabolite of the fungus Fusarium moniliforme, was administered at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg body weight to male BD IX rats by ip injection or by gavage. FB2 was rapidly absorbed from the peritoneum, its level in plasma reaching a maximum within 20 min after injection. It was rapidly eliminated from plasma with a half-life of 26 min. After 24 hr, FB2 could not be detected in plasma (< 20 ng/ml). Analysis of rat plasma for FB2 following a gavage dose failed to detect any toxin over a 6-hr period after dosing. The elimination of FB2 in the urine and faeces was determined over a 3-day period after dosing. After i.p. injection, the mean urinary excretion over this period was 1.2% and faecal elimination accounted for 84.1% of the dose. Similarly, after dosing by gavage, 0.2 and 82.0% of the dose was recovered in urine and faeces, respectively. FB2 appeared to be excreted unmetabolized.
Insights
Fumonisin B2 (FB2) is rapidly absorbed and eliminated in rats, with most of the toxin excreted unmetabolized in feces after administration. This study details FB2 toxicokinetics in rats.
Area of Science:
- Mycology
- Toxicology
- Pharmacokinetics
Background:
- Fumonisin B2 (FB2) is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium moniliforme.
- Understanding FB2 toxicokinetics is crucial for assessing its health risks.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of Fumonisin B2 in male BD IX rats.
- To determine the routes and rate of FB2 elimination from the body.
Main Methods:
- Male BD IX rats were administered FB2 (7.5 mg/kg) via intraperitoneal injection or oral gavage.
- Plasma FB2 levels were monitored over time.
- Urinary and fecal excretion of FB2 was quantified over 72 hours.
Main Results:
- FB2 was rapidly absorbed after intraperitoneal injection, with peak plasma levels at 20 minutes and a half-life of 26 minutes.
- No detectable FB2 was found in plasma 24 hours after injection or 6 hours after gavage.
- Approximately 82-84% of the administered dose was eliminated in feces, and 0.2-1.2% in urine, primarily unmetabolized.
Conclusions:
- FB2 is rapidly absorbed and eliminated in rats, with fecal excretion being the primary route.
- The toxin is excreted largely unmetabolized, suggesting limited systemic metabolism.