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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
145
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

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In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
172
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
120
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

129
Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
129
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

131
Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Suicide prevention in the elderly (age 65-99)

J L McIntosh1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Indiana University South Bend 46634, USA.

Suicide & Life-Threatening Behavior
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Elderly adults face the highest suicide rates, with specific high-risk groups identified. Prevention strategies focus on education, early detection of depression, and improved support systems for seniors.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Public Health
  • Mental Health Research

Background:

  • Suicide rates disproportionately affect older adults, representing a significant public health concern.
  • Specific demographic groups, such as White males, are identified as having elevated risk within the elderly population.
  • This aligns with public health objectives like Healthy People 2000.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify high-risk subpopulations among older adults experiencing suicidal ideation.
  • To describe existing prevention programs targeting suicide in late life.
  • To propose comprehensive strategies for suicide prevention in the elderly.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological data on suicide rates by age group.
  • Identification of at-risk demographic factors within the elderly population.

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  • Analysis of current intervention programs and policy objectives.

    • Main Results:

    • Older adults exhibit the highest age-specific suicide rates.
    • White males are identified as a key high-risk subgroup requiring targeted attention.
    • A range of primary and secondary prevention measures are deemed necessary.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective suicide prevention in older adults requires a multi-faceted approach.
    • Primary prevention through education and information is crucial.
    • Secondary prevention, including early identification and intervention for depression and suicidality, is essential for reducing late-life suicides.