Urinary excretion of retinol-binding protein in healthy children and adolescents

Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is a marker of tubular reabsorption in the kidneys. The aim of our study was to investigate urinary RBP excretion in healthy children to obtain reference values related to age and pubertal stage. Overnight samples from 143 subjects (73 girls, 70 boys) aged 10-18 years were investigated. RBP was quantified by a solid-phase sandwich enzyme immunoassay. Both the RBP excretion rate and the RBP/creatinine ratio (RBP/Cr) showed a skewed distribution. The medians and the 5th-95th percentiles were 38 ng/min (15-127) and 9 micrograms/mmol (4-23), respectively. The RBP excretion rate and RBP/Cr ratio were similar in both sexes, and linear multiple regression analysis showed no association with age or pubertal stage, although a weak relationship (r = 0.27) was found between RBP excretion rate and age in boys and RBP/Cr ratio and age (r = -0.28) in girls by simple correlation analysis. The correlation between RBP excretion rate and RBP/Cr ratio was 0.76; the RBP excretion rate and RBP/Cr ratio measured on 2 consecutive days, showed a correlation coefficient of 0.84 and 0.88, respectively. We conclude that overnight RBP excretion in children over 10 years shows a low day-to-day variation and, in practical terms, is independent of age, gender and pubertal stage.