Related Experiment Videos
Regulation of inducible nitric oxide production by intracellular calcium
M L Jordan1, B Rominski, A Jaquins-Gerstl
1Meegan Lynch Hickey Lab for Life, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pa 15213, USA.
Background:
Because increased nitric oxide (NO) production during sepsis can be detrimental to the host, inhibition of NO synthesis by various antagonists has been proposed as a therapeutic option. However, none of these approaches has addressed the possible regulation of inducible NO synthesis (iNOS) by endogenous intracellular signaling mechanisms. The purpose of our study was to determine whether intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) regulates iNOS.
Methods:
The macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 cells stimulated to produce NO were cultured in the presence or absence of the calcium ionophore A23187, ionomycin, or the Ca(2+)-adenosine triphosphatase inhibitor thapsigargin. Supernatants and total cellular RNA were recovered for measurement of iNOS messenger RNA (Northern blot) and NO2- (stable end product of NO), respectively. Simultaneous measurement of [Ca2+]i was performed by fluorescence spectrophotometry.
Results:
The calcium ionophore A23187, ionomycin, and thapsigargin all produced a dose-dependent inhibition of NO end product and iNOS messenger RNA (confirmed by densitometry) with a simultaneous increase in [Ca2+]i, confirmed by fluorescence spectrophotometry. This could not be reversed by exogenous L-arginine and was not observed if these agents were added beyond 0 hours of culture.
Conclusions:
Although iNOS is traditionally viewed as calcium independent, these data clearly show that [Ca2+]i regulates iNOS messenger RNA induction and end product synthesis. Endogenous cellular second messenger may thus be important in autoregulation of NO synthesis. Alternatives to pharmacologic or antagonist inhibition of NO deserve further investigation.
Insights
Intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) regulates inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) production in macrophages. This finding suggests endogenous signaling mechanisms, not just antagonists, are key to controlling nitric oxide synthesis during sepsis.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Increased nitric oxide (NO) during sepsis can harm the host.
- Inhibiting NO synthesis is a proposed therapeutic strategy.
- Endogenous signaling mechanisms regulating NO synthesis remain unexplored.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) in regulating inducible NO synthesis (iNOS).
Main Methods:
- RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were treated with calcium ionophores (A23187, ionomycin) or a Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor (thapsigargin).
- Measurements included iNOS messenger RNA (Northern blot), NO2- (end product), and [Ca2+]i (fluorescence spectrophotometry).
Main Results:
- Agents increased [Ca2+]i and dose-dependently inhibited NO end product and iNOS mRNA.
- Inhibition was not reversed by L-arginine and required agent addition at culture initiation.
Conclusions:
- Intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) demonstrably regulates iNOS mRNA induction and NO synthesis.
- Endogenous calcium signaling may autoregulate NO production.
- Alternative strategies beyond direct NO inhibition warrant investigation.