Primary pelvic neuroblastoma with central nervous system metastases

Secondary intracranial neuroblastoma is an extremely rare site of metastasis from primary extracranial disease. Direct parenchymal involvement of the neuraxis without disease involving the overlying bone, dura, or venous sinuses is even rarer. We report a case of pelvic neuroblastoma with cerebral and cerebellar metastasis and communicating hydrocephalus, probably caused by diffuse leptomeningeal involvement. Clumps of neuroblastoma cells were seen in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The CSF pathway was the probable route for neuraxis dissemination.