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Electronic beam steering of shock waves

D Cathignol¹, A Birer, S Nachef

¹INSERM U 281, Lyon, France.

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology

|January 1, 1995

Summary

This study introduces a novel piezocomposite shock-wave generator with electronic focusing for kidney stone treatment. This advanced system offers precise focal zone control and demonstrates durability, improving shock wave therapy efficacy.

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Acoustic Technology
Materials Science

Background:

Current shock-wave generators for renal stones rely on fixed geometrical parameters for focal zone determination.
This limitation restricts precise targeting and therapeutic effectiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and evaluate a novel piezocomposite shock-wave generator utilizing electronic focusing.
To demonstrate the feasibility and performance of electronic focusing in shock wave lithotripsy.

Main Methods:

A two-dimensional array of 121 independent piezocomposite transducers was designed and integrated with electronic hardware.
Each transducer was driven by a 6 kV impulse generator with adjustable interdelay (10 ns to 100 µs).
The system was tested for pressure wave generation, pressure-voltage linearity, material durability, and focal zone characteristics.

Main Results:

Piezocomposite materials effectively generate high-amplitude pressure waves with a linear pressure-voltage relationship up to 28 x 10(5) Pa.
The transducer material exhibited excellent durability, with no degradation observed after one million shocks.
Electronic focusing achieved precise targeting within an ellipsoidal focal zone (4 cm diameter, 6 cm length) with focal pressures of approximately 600 x 10(5) Pa.

Conclusions:

Piezocomposite transducers are suitable for generating high-amplitude pressure waves for medical applications.
Electronic focusing offers a significant advancement over geometric focusing in shock wave lithotripsy.
This technology holds promise for more effective and targeted non-invasive treatment of renal stones.

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