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Stimulus preprocessing and response selection in depression: a reaction time study

J M Azorin1, P Benhaïm, T Hasbroucq

  • 1Service de Psychiatrie Adulte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de La Timone, Marseille, France.

Acta Psychologica
|July 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Depression slows reaction time (RT) by impairing response selection, not initial stimulus processing. This finding helps understand cognitive deficits in depression.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Individuals with depression exhibit slower reaction times (RT) in cognitive tasks compared to healthy controls.
  • The specific stages of information processing affected by depression remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether depression impacts all information-processing stages or selectively affects certain stages.
  • To differentiate the effects of depression on stimulus preprocessing versus response selection using the additive factor method.

Main Methods:

  • Employed the additive factor method to analyze reaction time (RT) tasks.
  • Utilized a two-choice visual RT task with manipulated stimulus intensity and stimulus-response compatibility.
  • Compared performance between ten inpatients diagnosed with depression and ten healthy control subjects.

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Main Results:

  • The effect of stimulus intensity on RT was comparable between depressed patients and controls.
  • The effect of stimulus-response compatibility on RT was significantly larger in depressed patients than in controls.
  • This dissociation suggests differential impacts on distinct stages of cognitive processing.

Conclusions:

  • Depression does not appear to impair the early stages of stimulus preprocessing.
  • Depression significantly impairs the later stage of response selection in cognitive tasks.
  • Findings elucidate the specific cognitive mechanisms underlying psychomotor slowing in depression.