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Changes in plasma proteins during pregnancy

J C Joseph, C Baker, M L Sprang

    Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Science
    |March 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Maternal plasma protein levels change significantly during pregnancy, with some appearing only in pregnant women. These pregnancy-associated proteins can help monitor placental function and fetal well-being.

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Reproductive Biology
    • Clinical Chemistry

    Background:

    • Maternal plasma protein concentrations undergo significant alterations during pregnancy.
    • These changes include quantitative shifts in serum fractions and binding globulins.
    • New proteins, such as human chorionic gonadotropin and pregnancy-associated plasma proteins, emerge during gestation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To document the changes in maternal plasma proteins during pregnancy.
    • To identify proteins specific to pregnancy or significantly increased during gestation.
    • To explore the role of hormonal influences, particularly estrogen, on these protein alterations.

    Main Methods:

    • Electrophoretic separation of serum fractions.
    • Quantification of various binding globulins.

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  • Detection and measurement of specific pregnancy-associated proteins (e.g., placental alkaline phosphatase, human chorionic gonadotropin, alpha-fetoprotein).

    • Main Results:

    • Documented quantitative changes in maternal plasma proteins, including binding globulins.
    • Identified pregnancy-specific proteins like human chorionic gonadotropin and placental isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase.
    • Observed significant increases in proteins such as alpha-fetoprotein and prolactin in maternal circulation.

    Conclusions:

    • Hormonal effects, especially estrogen, are key factors in the etiology of pregnancy-related protein changes.
    • While some changes may affect diagnostic tests, many pregnancy-associated proteins serve as valuable biomarkers.
    • Monitoring these protein alterations aids in assessing placental function and fetal well-being throughout pregnancy.