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Self-tonometry under microgravity conditions

J Draeger1, R Schwartz, S Groenhoff

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, University of Hamburg, Germany.

Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine
|June 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Astronauts experience a significant increase in intraocular pressure in microgravity. Early measurements show a 92% rise shortly after reaching space, impacting eye health.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Aerospace Medicine
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Microgravity causes a fluid shift to the upper body, potentially increasing intraocular pressure.
  • Previous parabolic flight studies indicated a rise in intraocular pressure.
  • Early space missions (Spacelab D1) measured a 20-25% intraocular pressure increase 44 minutes into microgravity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate intraocular pressure changes earlier in microgravity.
  • To develop and utilize a self-tonometer for automated, position-independent measurements.
  • To assess the magnitude and timing of intraocular pressure rise during spaceflight.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a fully automatic, position-independent self-tonometer.
  • Deployment of the self-tonometer during an 8-day manned space mission in March 1992.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Measurement of intraocular pressure 16 minutes after reaching microgravity.

    • Main Results:

    • Intraocular pressure measurements were obtained significantly earlier in microgravity (16 minutes post-insertion).
    • A substantial 92% rise in intraocular pressure was recorded compared to Earth-based baseline data.
    • The automated tonometer proved effective for early, reliable measurements in microgravity.

    Conclusions:

    • Microgravity induces a rapid and significant increase in intraocular pressure shortly after exposure.
    • Early detection of intraocular pressure changes is crucial for understanding spaceflight-induced ocular effects.
    • Further research is needed to explore the long-term implications of elevated intraocular pressure in astronauts.