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Related Experiment Videos

High-powered CO2 laser cystoscope for endoscopic bladder surgery

G R Fournier1, A H Kung, D Trost

  • 1Division of Urology, Crawford Long Hospital, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30308, USA.

Lasers in Surgery and Medicine
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

A novel cystoscope effectively delivers a carbon dioxide (CO2) laser for superficial bladder tumor treatment. This technology overcomes previous limitations, enabling complete bladder tumor evaporation with controlled energy delivery.

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Laser Surgery
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Superficial bladder tumors present a treatment challenge.
  • Carbon dioxide (CO2) lasers offer potential for tumor ablation due to high water absorption.
  • Previous cystoscope designs were limited by inflexible delivery systems and power transmission issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a novel cystoscope designed for delivering a high-power CO2 laser beam.
  • To enable effective treatment of bladder tumors throughout the entire urinary bladder.
  • To overcome limitations of existing CO2 laser delivery systems for urological applications.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a rigid 24 Fr. cystoscope utilizing an articulated arm and infrared waveguide.
  • Implementation of beam manipulation via a movable mirror system.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Incorporation of a continuous CO2 purge gas for smoke and urine evacuation.
  • Testing scope performance and lesion morphology in female pigs.

    • Main Results:

    • Efficient energy delivery (80-85%) to the bladder mucosa.
    • Complete evaporation of bladder mucosa and lamina propria achieved with 30 Joules of energy.
    • Controlled ablation demonstrated, with perforation occurring at higher energy levels (120-160 Joules).

    Conclusions:

    • The developed cystoscope successfully overcomes limitations in power delivery, beam transmission, and maneuverability within the bladder.
    • This technology enables comprehensive CO2 laser treatment for superficial bladder tumors.
    • The system demonstrates robustness and tolerance to wetting, crucial for endoscopic procedures.