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Cadmium hazard in silver brazing

S L Gan1, S H Tan, J Pinnagoda

  • 1Department of Industrial Health, Ministry of Labour, Singapore.

Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore
|March 1, 1995
PubMed
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A survey in Singapore found that most factories do not use cadmium-containing silver brazing alloys. However, workers in factories that do use these alloys show high cadmium-in-blood levels and potential kidney damage.

Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Environmental Toxicology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal with significant health risks.
  • Silver brazing alloys containing cadmium are used in various industrial applications.
  • Understanding the prevalence and health impacts of cadmium exposure in Singapore is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the usage of cadmium-containing silver brazing alloys in Singaporean factories.
  • To evaluate the potential health hazards associated with cadmium exposure from these alloys.
  • To determine cadmium levels in workers and assess indicators of kidney damage.

Main Methods:

  • A survey was conducted among 137 factories in Singapore regarding brazing practices.
  • Analysis of cadmium-in-blood concentrations in workers from factories using cadmium alloys.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Measurement of urinary beta-2 microglobulin levels as a biomarker for kidney dysfunction.

    • Main Results:

    • Only 28 (20.4%) of surveyed factories performed brazing, with 7 using cadmium-containing filler alloys.
    • In one factory, 106 out of 123 workers had elevated cadmium-in-blood levels (>10 mcg/l).
    • Among those with high cadmium absorption, 31% showed increased urinary beta-2 microglobulin, indicating potential kidney damage.

    Conclusions:

    • The use of cadmium-containing silver brazing alloys is limited but poses significant health risks.
    • Workers exposed to these alloys exhibit high cadmium body burdens and signs of nephrotoxicity.
    • Stricter controls and safer alternatives are recommended to mitigate cadmium hazards in occupational settings.