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Sensorineural hearing disorders in systemic lupus erythematosus. A controlled study

A P Andonopoulos1, S Naxakis, P Goumas

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Patras School of Medicine, Greece.

Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology
|March 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients show early hearing loss, particularly young adults experiencing high-frequency deficits suggesting premature inner ear aging. Low-frequency hearing decline in most SLE patients may indicate subclinical vestibular hydrops.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Hearing abnormalities are documented in connective tissue diseases.
  • Data on audiovestibular dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is limited.
  • SLE is an autoimmune disease affecting multiple organ systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prospectively evaluate audiovestibular dysfunction in female SLE patients.
  • To compare hearing function in SLE patients with age-matched healthy controls.
  • To investigate potential correlations between hearing deficits and SLE disease parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective evaluation of 40 female SLE patients and 65 healthy controls, stratified by age groups (16-69 years).
  • Audiometry (pure tone, tympanometry, stapedial reflex) performed on both ears.

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  • SLE activity, vasculitis, organ involvement, and autoantibody levels were recorded.

    • Main Results:

    • SLE patients aged 16-59 demonstrated significantly reduced hearing acuity at low frequencies (125-500Hz) compared to controls.
    • Younger SLE patients (16-29 years) also showed high-frequency hearing deficits.
    • No correlation was found between hearing abnormalities and SLE disease activity, vasculitis, organ involvement, or autoantibodies.

    Conclusions:

    • Young SLE patients exhibit "premature aging" of the inner ear affecting high frequencies, which appears to stabilize over time.
    • A regular decrease in low-frequency hearing acuity across most age groups (except elderly) suggests subclinical vestibular hydrops in SLE.
    • The observed audiovestibular dysfunction in SLE may stem from an autoimmune inner ear process.