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Diabetes mellitus in the elderly

I Singh1, M C Marshall

  • 1Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, USA.

Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America
|June 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Diabetes mellitus in older adults presents unique challenges, including atypical symptoms and increased hypoglycemia risk with common medications. Management requires careful consideration of age-related factors and complications.

Area of Science:

  • Geriatrics
  • Endocrinology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus is a common condition in the elderly population.
  • Older adults exhibit unique manifestations and management considerations for diabetes compared to younger individuals.
  • Factors such as atypical presentations, nutritional challenges, and compliance issues complicate diabetes care in the elderly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the specific challenges and considerations for managing diabetes mellitus in older adults.
  • To highlight the unique aspects of diabetes presentation, complications, and treatment in the geriatric population.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on geriatric diabetes management.
  • Analysis of age-specific factors influencing diabetes presentation and outcomes.

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  • Discussion of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic therapeutic strategies.

    • Main Results:

    • Elderly patients may present with atypical diabetes symptoms.
    • Pharmacologic therapies like sulfonylureas and insulin carry a higher risk of hypoglycemia and neuroglycopenic symptoms in older adults.
    • Diabetic hyperosmolar coma is more prevalent in older type II diabetics.
    • Macrovascular complications are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, while microvascular complications also occur and are treatable.

    Conclusions:

    • Diabetes management in the elderly requires tailored approaches due to unique disease characteristics and increased susceptibility to complications.
    • Careful medication selection and monitoring are crucial to mitigate risks such as hypoglycemia.
    • Addressing macrovascular and microvascular complications is essential for improving outcomes in elderly diabetics.