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Oral branched-chain amino acids decrease whole-body proteolysis

A A Ferrando1, B D Williams, C A Stuart

  • 1Biomedical Operations and Research Branch, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

JPEN. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Ingesting branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) did not affect muscle protein synthesis or breakdown. However, BCAAs suppressed whole-body protein breakdown in non-muscle tissues in men.

Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Biochemistry
  • Human Physiology
  • Metabolic Studies

Background:

  • Protein metabolism is crucial for maintaining muscle mass and overall health.
  • Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are essential amino acids involved in protein synthesis.
  • The specific impact of BCAA ingestion on whole-body and skeletal muscle protein metabolism requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of ingesting branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) on protein metabolism in healthy men.
  • To differentiate the effects of BCAA nitrogen from essential amino acid nitrogen on protein synthesis and breakdown.
  • To assess the impact of BCAAs on both skeletal muscle and whole-body protein balance.

Main Methods:

  • A novel model using L-[ring-13C6]phenylalanine infusion and arterial-venous difference measurements was employed to calculate leg protein synthesis and breakdown.
Keywords:
NASA Center JSCNASA Discipline Number 18-10NASA Discipline Regulatory PhysiologyNASA Program Space Physiology and CountermeasuresNon-NASA Center

Related Experiment Videos

  • Muscle biopsies were used to determine the fractional synthetic rate (FSR) of muscle protein.
  • Control subjects received essential amino acids (EAAs) to compare against BCAA effects, with both groups consuming 50g of carbohydrates.

    • Main Results:

    • BCAA and EAA solutions significantly elevated arterial concentrations.
    • While EAAs increased protein synthesis and breakdown by 43% and 36% respectively, BCAAs had no significant effect on these measures in skeletal muscle.
    • Both solutions suppressed whole-body phenylalanine flux, with BCAAs showing a greater suppression (15-20%) compared to EAAs.

    Conclusions:

    • BCAA ingestion does not appear to stimulate skeletal muscle protein synthesis or breakdown in healthy men.
    • BCAAs may suppress whole-body proteolysis in tissues outside of skeletal muscle.
    • Further research is needed to fully understand the complex role of BCAAs in human protein metabolism.