G-related musculoskeletal spine symptoms in Japan Air Self Defense Force F-15 pilots

The introduction of the F-15 Eagle to the Japan Air Self Defense Force (JASDF) in the early 1980's seemed to increase musculoskeletal problems of the spinal column among pilots. The neck is the body part most vulnerable to high-G force injuries, and serious cases of neck injury have been reported. We surveyed 129 F-15 pilots from different air bases by means of a questionnaire. The occurrence rate of musculoskeletal problems in different types of aircraft was analyzed according to the pilots' flying experience. Of the surveyed pilots, 115 (89.1%) reported muscle pains related to flying. Of those who experienced pain, each averaged 7.6 events, 95% of which occurred in the F-15. Of these 115, 30% experienced pain in the F-4 and 15% in the F-1. The "checking six" position was the most common posture at the time of injury, followed by "forward bend." Of the 115 pilots, 44 stated that their symptoms adversely affected flight duty performance, and 50 pilots stated that their symptoms adversely affected daily life. The effectiveness of muscle training as a preventive measure was supported by 62%. Some oriental therapeutic methods (acupuncture, moxa cautery, and finger-pressure massage) were preferred by pilots for pain treatment. G-related problems of the spinal column still exist as a major medical concern in JASDF.