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Related Experiment Videos

Palatal muscle electromyogram activity in obstructive sleep apnea

D M Carlson1, E Onal, D W Carley

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago College of Medicine 60612, USA.

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
|September 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

During obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), upper airway muscles like the levator veli palatini (LVP) and genioglossus (GG) show reduced activity during apnea. Maximal muscle activity is needed to resolve breathing pauses.

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Area of Science:

  • Sleep Medicine
  • Respiratory Physiology
  • Neuromuscular Control

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by recurrent upper airway collapse during sleep.
  • The role of specific upper airway muscles in maintaining airway patency during obstructive events is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify and compare the electromyographic (EMG) activity of velopharyngeal (levator veli palatini, palatoglossus) and oropharyngeal (genioglossus) muscles during obstructive apnea cycles in patients with OSAS.
  • To determine the relationship between muscle activity patterns and the onset and resolution of apneic events.

Main Methods:

  • EMG activity of the levator veli palatini (LVP), palatoglossus (PG), and genioglossus (GG) muscles was recorded in eight subjects with OSAS during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep.

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  • EMG data were quantified for preapneic, apneic, and postapneic breaths, normalized to the last preapneic breath's activity.

    • Main Results:

    • Apnea onset was associated with a simultaneous nadir in inspiratory EMG activity of LVP, PG, and GG muscles.
    • Apnea resolution required simultaneous maximal inspiratory EMG activity in all three muscles, significantly exceeding preapneic levels.
    • Electroencephalographic arousal did not influence these observed EMG activity patterns.

    Conclusions:

    • Inspiratory recruitment of velopharyngeal and oropharyngeal muscles is crucial for maintaining upper airway patency during sleep in OSAS patients.
    • Specific patterns of muscle activation and inhibition are linked to the cycle of airway obstruction and resolution in OSAS.
    • Understanding these neuromuscular mechanisms may inform future therapeutic strategies for OSAS.