Liposome-encapsulated DNA-mediated gene transfer and synthesis of human factor IX in mice

Hemophilia B is an X-chromosome-linked recessive disorder that is caused by a deficiency of biologically active clotting factor IX (FIX). In this work, liposomes (Lip) were used for non-viral, in vivo gene transfer of the human FIX gene into mouse organs. Plasmid DNA, containing the human FIX cDNA under the control of the Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMLV) long terminal repeat (LTR), was encapsulated in 1-2-microns multilamellar Lip composed of egg phosphatidylcholine (EPC). The percentage of Lip-associated DNA was 47%, and 72% of the Lip DNA was protected from DNase I digestion. The Lip-encapsulated (Len) DNA was injected intravenously into Balb/c mice, and at various times post-injection, various tissues were examined for the presence of the exogenous DNA. Plasmid DNA was detected by Southern blot analysis mainly in the liver and spleen, but small amounts were also detected in the lungs, heart and kidneys. The plasmid DNA was retained in mouse liver cells for at least 7 days post-injection, and remained in an episomal state. The levels of human FIX protein in the mouse plasma were 190-650 pg per ml for 2 to 7 days post-injection. Treatment of mice with chloroquine (Cq) and colchicine (Cc) prior to Lip injection significantly increased the amount of plasmid DNA found in the liver cells, as well as the level of human FIX in the plasma. These results demonstrate the potential use of Len DNA for gene transfer into liver and spleen, and for gene therapy of inherited and acquired disorders.