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Conditioned fear exacerbates acute morphine dependence

G C Abrahamsen1, B J Caldarone, H S Stock

  • 1Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York 12222, USA.

Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior
|June 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Conditioned fear enhances acute morphine dependence and withdrawal responses in animals. This effect persists even 72 hours after the initial conditioning, highlighting the lasting impact of psychological stress on opioid drug reactivity.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Physical stressors are known to increase opioid drug reactivity.
  • The impact of nonphysical stressors, such as conditioned fear, on opioid drug reactivity is less understood.
  • Previous research indicates that morphine administration in the presence of shock-associated cues can enhance hypoalgesia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of conditioned fear on acute morphine dependence.
  • To determine if context fear enhances withdrawal responses following morphine administration.
  • To assess the long-term effects of conditioned fear on morphine dependence.

Main Methods:

  • Animals were administered morphine (3 mg/kg) in the presence of context fear cues.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Withdrawal responses were assessed after naloxone administration (3 mg/kg).
  • Experiments were conducted immediately after conditioning and 72 hours postconditioning.

    • Main Results:

    • Morphine administration in a fear-associated context led to enhanced withdrawal responses.
    • This enhancement of acute dependence by context fear was observed even 72 hours after conditioning.
    • The specific shock parameters used induced an opioid-mediated hypoalgesic response.

    Conclusions:

    • Conditioned fear significantly enhances acute morphine dependence and withdrawal.
    • These fear-induced enhancements in opioid dependence are long-lasting.
    • Findings relate the neuroanatomy of fear systems to the neuropharmacology of opioid withdrawal.