[Current status in treatment of childhood cancer]

The principles of cancer chemotherapy applied to adult patients today have been substantially derived from experience of cancer in children. Studies of pediatric solid tumors also provided the first evidence that chemotherapy combined with surgery and/or radiotherapy could markedly enhance the curative potential of these local modalities. Conceptual advances in cancer chemotherapy revealed the superiority of intermittent chemotherapy over continuous low-dose therapy with respect to tumor cell kill and the recovery of normal cells. Childrens' Cancer and Leukemia Study Group of Japan applied intensive intermittent chemotherapy for maintenance therapy for leukemia, malignant lymphoma and to adjuvant chemotherapy for solid tumors. Event-free survival rate in treatment of childhood cancer by the Department of Pediatrics, Aichi Medical University, has markedly improved: ALL, 70%; malignant lymphoma, 50%; ANLL, 33%; hepato-blastoma, 100%; osteosarcoma, 65%; neuroblastoma, 54%; and rhabdomyosarcoma, 51%. The 14% rate for brain tumors was the only exception. Current Phase I and II trials based on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in children were reviewed.