[Fat embolism still exists. A retrospective study of 17 cases in a surgical intensive care unit]

Fat embolism is a severe complication in patients with femoral fractures. This retrospective study records 17 cases of post traumatic fat embolism diagnosed between 1979 and 1993 among 430 patients admitted for femoral fractures (incidence: 2.7%). These cases underline the high frequency of early hypovolaemia (10/17), of respiratory and cerebral disorders (15/17), all occurring during the first post trauma week. Three cases were observed in the postoperative period. Severity of fat embolism is proved by three deaths and a mean mechanical ventilation period of 13 days. With early osteosynthesis, incidence of fat embolism could be lowered to 0.2%. Prevention is based on osteosynthesis, avoidance of hypovolemia and of hypoalbuminemia.