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Related Experiment Videos

Prosocial development in late adolescence: a longitudinal study

N Eisenberg1, G Carlo, B Murphy

  • 1Arizona State University, Tempe 85287, USA.

Child Development
|August 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Prosocial moral reasoning develops through adolescence and early adulthood, with higher reasoning in females. This moral development relates to prosocial behavior and empathy.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Moral Psychology
  • Social Neuroscience

Background:

  • Prosocial moral reasoning is crucial for understanding societal norms and behaviors.
  • Previous research indicated shifts in reasoning during adolescence, but longitudinal data into early adulthood was limited.
  • Understanding gender differences and the interplay between reasoning, behavior, and empathy is key.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the longitudinal changes in prosocial moral reasoning from adolescence to early adulthood.
  • To investigate gender differences in prosocial moral reasoning.
  • To explore the interrelations between moral reasoning, prosocial behavior, and empathy-related emotional responses.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal data collection from participants aged 17-18 and 19-20 years.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Inclusion of data from adolescents interviewed for the first time.
  • Analysis of reasoning modes including hedonistic, needs-oriented, stereotypic, reciprocity, approval, and higher-level reasoning.

    • Main Results:

    • Hedonistic reasoning declined until adolescence, then slightly increased in early adulthood.
    • Needs-oriented and stereotypic reasoning peaked in childhood/early adolescence before declining.
    • Higher-level reasoning modes consistently increased across adolescence and early adulthood.
    • Females exhibited higher overall prosocial moral reasoning than males.
    • Prosocial moral reasoning scores correlated positively with interview and objective measures.
    • Evidence supported relations between prosocial reasoning, prosocial behavior, sympathy, and perspective-taking.

    Conclusions:

    • Prosocial moral reasoning undergoes significant development and transformation through adolescence and into early adulthood.
    • Gender plays a role, with females generally demonstrating more advanced prosocial moral reasoning.
    • Prosocial moral reasoning is interconnected with actual prosocial behavior and empathy-related responses, highlighting its multifaceted nature.