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Early behavioral differences: gender or circumcision?

M P Richards, J F Bernal, Y Brackbill

    Developmental Psychobiology
    |January 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Male infant circumcision may lead to long-term behavioral changes, potentially influencing gender differences in studies. Further research is crucial to understand these effects in neonatal and infancy development.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric behavioral science
    • Neonatal studies
    • Human infant development

    Background:

    • Limited research exists on long-term behavioral effects of early physical or pharmacological insults in humans.
    • Circumcision is a common procedure in male infants, with potential implications for development.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present evidence suggesting male infant circumcision induces behavioral changes.
    • To explore the potential impact of circumcision-induced behavioral alterations on reported gender differences in research.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of circumstantial and direct evidence linking infant circumcision to behavioral shifts.
    • Analysis of existing American studies on circumcised infants to re-evaluate gender difference findings.

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    Main Results:

    • Evidence indicates that male infant circumcision is associated with behavioral changes.
    • Observed gender differences in some studies may be artifacts of altered behavior in circumcised males.

    Conclusions:

    • Circumcision in male infants warrants independent and thorough investigation.
    • The procedure should be described and potentially controlled for in all studies involving neonates and infants to mitigate confounding behavioral variables.