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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management01:26

Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management

Mitral stenosis, a condition marked by the narrowing of the mitral valve, necessitates an integrated approach for effective management. This approach includes preventative measures, medical therapy, and surgical interventions to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.PreventionPrevention of mitral stenosis primarily focuses on reducing the incidence of bacterial infections, particularly streptococcal infections, which can lead to rheumatic fever and subsequent valvular damage. Timely...
Endocarditis I: Introduction01:25

Endocarditis I: Introduction

Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
Endocarditis III: Medical Management01:18

Endocarditis III: Medical Management

Infective endocarditis management involves a multifaceted approach encompassing infection prevention, lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapy, and surgical management.Infection Prevention:Hand Hygiene: Thorough handwashing is crucial to prevent the spread of infection. Hand hygiene should be performed regularly, especially before and after using the restroom.Oral Hygiene: Good oral hygiene is essential. It includes brushing teeth immediately after waking up and before bed, flossing...
Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management01:29

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Infective endocarditis (IE) is a chronic infection of the heart's endocardium, primarily affecting the heart valves. A detailed nursing assessment for a patient with IE involves collecting subjective and objective data to ensure an accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.Subjective DataThe nurse gathers information about the patient's symptoms and complaints during the subjective assessment. Patients with infective endocarditis often report non-specific symptoms that can mimic other...

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An In Vitro Model of a Parallel-Plate Perfusion System to Study Bacterial Adherence to Graft Tissues
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Late prosthetic valve endocarditis

D Horstkotte1, C Piper, R Niehues

  • 1Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.

European Heart Journal
|April 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) is a serious complication. Late PVE, occurring after 60 days, involves different organisms and requires prolonged antibiotic therapy and careful management of anticoagulation and surgical intervention.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cardiac Surgery

Background:

  • Prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) is a severe complication following valve replacement surgery.
  • Late PVE, defined as occurring >60 days post-surgery, presents distinct microbiological and clinical characteristics compared to early PVE.
  • Identifying infection sources is crucial, with dental procedures, urological interventions, and catheters being common culprits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the characteristics, common pathogens, and management principles of late prosthetic valve endocarditis.
  • To highlight differences in causative organisms between early and late PVE.
  • To outline current treatment strategies, including antibiotic therapy, anticoagulation, and surgical indications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on prosthetic valve endocarditis.
  • Analysis of common bacterial and fungal organisms associated with late PVE.
  • Comparison of treatment protocols for native and prosthetic valve endocarditis.

Main Results:

  • Late PVE is less frequently associated with staphylococci, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi compared to early PVE.
  • Commonly implicated organisms in late PVE include S. epidermidis, S. aureus, viridans streptococci, and enterococci.
  • Antibiotic therapy for late PVE requires prolonged duration and maximal non-toxic concentrations.

Conclusions:

  • Management of late PVE necessitates extended antibiotic courses and careful monitoring.
  • Oral anticoagulants should be discontinued and replaced with intravenous heparin.
  • Surgical intervention is indicated for large mobile vegetations or embolic events.