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Conditional spore cortex-less mutants of Bacillus sphaericus 9602

Y Imae, J L Strominger

The Journal of Biological Chemistry

|March 10, 1976

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Bacillus sphaericus spore cortex formation is essential for spore refractivity and heat resistance. Meso-diaminopimelic acid (meso-Dap) is crucial for spore cortex development and dipicolinic acid accumulation.

Area of Science:

Microbiology
Bacterial genetics
Spore formation

Background:

Lysine biosynthesis pathway is essential for bacterial growth.
Bacillus sphaericus spores possess a unique cortex structure.
Dipicolinic acid and spore cortex play roles in spore resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of lysine biosynthesis intermediates in Bacillus sphaericus spore formation.
To determine the function of meso-diaminopimelic acid (meso-Dap) in spore cortex development.
To elucidate the contribution of the spore cortex and dipicolinic acid to spore properties.

Main Methods:

Isolation and characterization of lysine-requiring mutants of Bacillus sphaericus.
Analysis of meso-diaminopimelic acid (meso-Dap) decarboxylase activity.

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Assessment of muramic lactam content in spore cortex.

Evaluation of spore morphology (shape, refractivity) and resistance (1-octanol, heat).

Main Results:

Mutants were classified into three groups based on lysine pathway mutations.
Group I mutants lacked meso-Dap decarboxylase; Groups II and III had normal activity.
Meso-Dap addition increased muramic lactam content in the spore cortex.
Meso-Dap addition restored round, refractile spore formation in Groups II and III mutants.
Spore cortex presence is essential for round, refractile spores, dipicolinic acid accumulation, and 1-octanol resistance.
Both spore cortex and dipicolinic acid are required for heat resistance.

Conclusions:

Meso-diaminopimelic acid (meso-Dap) is a key precursor for Bacillus sphaericus spore cortex synthesis.
The spore cortex is critical for proper spore morphology and resistance properties.
Dipicolinic acid accumulation is dependent on cortex formation.
The spore cortex and dipicolinic acid independently and synergistically contribute to spore resistance.