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Obesity and cancer

J P Deslypere1

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital, Pintelaan, Ghent, Belgium.

Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental
|September 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Obesity is linked to increased cancer risk, potentially through hormonal changes and diet. Further research is needed for breast cancer, but lung cancer incidence decreases with higher body weight.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Endocrinology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Large-scale studies indicate obesity elevates the risk for several cancer types.
  • Factors like fat distribution and sex hormone levels may mediate the obesity-cancer link.
  • Dietary patterns, specifically high-fat, low-fiber diets, are also associated with cancer risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the multifaceted relationship between obesity, hormonal imbalances, diet, and the risk of developing various cancers.
  • To clarify the complex associations between obesity and specific cancers like endometrial, breast, and lung cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Review of large-scale epidemiological studies and existing literature.
  • Analysis of potential biological mechanisms, including hormonal pathways (estrogen, progesterone, insulin) and nutritional factors.
  • Examination of confounding variables influencing cancer risk, such as age, genetics, and lifestyle.

Main Results:

  • Obesity is associated with increased estrogen and potentially decreased progesterone, raising endometrial cancer risk.
  • The link between obesity and breast cancer risk is complex, influenced by numerous factors including age and genetics.
  • Lung cancer incidence shows an inverse relationship with body weight.

Conclusions:

  • Obesity represents a significant risk factor for certain cancers, mediated by hormonal and potentially dietary influences.
  • While the association with endometrial and lung cancer is clearer, breast cancer risk requires consideration of multiple interacting factors.
  • Further investigation into the interplay of obesity, hormones, nutrition, and cancer etiology is warranted.

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