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The aetiology of postmenopausal bleeding--a study of 163 consecutive cases in Singapore
1Department of Maternal Foetal Medicine, Kandang Kerbau Hospital, Singapore.
Objective:
To study the aetiology and pattern of Postmenopausal Bleeding (PMB) in the local population.
Design:
A retrospective study
Subjects:
163 consecutive patients who presented with postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) SETTING: Kandang Kerbau Hospital, Singapore
Results:
Malignant causes were found in 42 (25.7%) patients. Cervical carcinoma was the most common malignancy (12.9% of the patients) followed by endometrial carcinoma (11%). Important benign causes are cervicitis (12.9%), atrophic vaginitis (12.3%) and cervical polyp (6.7%). Other benign causes include endometrial hyperplasia (3.1%), urethral caruncle (2.5%) and estrogen replacement therapy (1.8%).
Conclusion:
PMB is a symptom of varied aetiologies. The associated incidence of malignancy is high and a thorough diagnostic evaluation is mandatory.