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Forward plasma membrane flow in growing nerve processes

S Popov1, A Brown, M M Poo

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 8, 1993
PubMed
Summary
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New membrane material for nerve growth in Xenopus neurites flows from the cell body and along the neurite, not primarily at the growth cone. This anterograde membrane flow supports neurite elongation.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Nerve growth necessitates the addition of new plasma membrane material.
  • This membrane addition is traditionally thought to occur at the neurite's growth cone.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the site of new membrane addition during neurite elongation in Xenopus.
  • To determine the direction and dynamics of membrane flow in growing neurites.

Main Methods:

  • Incorporation of a fluorescent lipid analog into the plasma membrane of Xenopus neurites.
  • Observation and quantification of anterograde membrane flow using fluorescence microscopy.
  • Correlation of membrane flow rate with neurite elongation and position along the neurite.

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Main Results:

  • Anterograde bulk membrane flow was observed in fast-growing Xenopus neurites.
  • The rate of membrane flow increased with the distance from the cell body (soma).
  • Membrane flow rate correlated positively with the rate of neurite elongation.

Conclusions:

  • New membrane material is added to growing Xenopus neurites at the cell body and along the neurite shaft.
  • Contrary to previous beliefs, membrane addition does not predominantly occur at the growth cone.
  • This finding redefines our understanding of membrane dynamics during neurite development.