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Some effects of chitosan on liver function in the rat
1Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
Endocrinology
|March 1, 1993
Summary
Chitosan effectively lowers plasma and liver cholesterol in rats by reducing cholesterol synthesis. A 7.5% chitosan diet maintained cholesterol homeostasis, preventing adverse effects from high cholesterol intake.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Nutritional Science
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Chitosan, derived from chitin, exhibits hypocholesterolemic properties.
- Its impact on cholesterol synthesis and homeostasis remains largely uninvestigated.
- Cholestyramine, a known cholesterol-lowering agent, serves as a comparative benchmark.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effects of chitosan on plasma and liver cholesterol levels.
- To assess chitosan's influence on cholesterol synthesis regulation, specifically HMG-CoA reductase activity.
- To determine the optimal molecular weight and dosage of chitosan for cholesterol management.
Main Methods:
- Rats were fed a sterol-rich diet supplemented with cholesterol and cholic acid.
- Chitosan (varying molecular weights and dosages) and cholestyramine were administered.
- Plasma and liver cholesterol, liver weight, and HMG-CoA reductase activity were measured.
Main Results:
- 5% chitosan significantly reduced plasma (54%) and liver (64%) cholesterol levels.
- A 7.5% dosage of 70-kDa chitosan completely prevented increases in plasma cholesterol and liver weight.
- Chitosan decreased HMG-CoA reductase activity, indicating reduced cholesterol synthesis, unlike cholestyramine which increased it.
Conclusions:
- Chitosan, particularly a 70-kDa preparation at 7.5% dietary concentration, effectively manages cholesterol levels in rats.
- It maintains cholesterol homeostasis by modulating cholesterol synthesis pathways.
- Chitosan offers a promising natural alternative for cholesterol management without the side effects of cholestyramine.