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Dual diagnoses. Psychiatric disorders in developmental disabilities

R W Lovell1, A L Reiss

  • 1Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland.

Pediatric Clinics of North America
|June 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Children with mental retardation often have psychiatric conditions similar to the general population. Treatment for these conditions, including major affective disorders and ADHD, can be effective with standard interventions.

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Area of Science:

  • Child Psychiatry
  • Developmental Disabilities
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Background:

  • High prevalence of psychiatric disorders in individuals with mental retardation.
  • Psychiatric conditions in mild to moderate mental retardation often mirror those in the general population.
  • Severe to profound mental retardation is associated with stereotypies and self-injurious behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the psychiatric profiles and treatment considerations for children with mental retardation.
  • To highlight challenges in diagnosing and treating psychiatric illness in this population.
  • To discuss specific syndromes with unique neurocognitive and behavioral presentations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of psychiatric conditions in children with varying degrees of mental retardation.

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  • Identification of common psychiatric disorders and associated syndromes.
  • Discussion of diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for pediatricians.

    • Main Results:

    • Children with mild to moderate mental retardation experience common disorders like ADHD and conduct disorder, responsive to standard treatments.
    • Individuals with severe to profound mental retardation exhibit more stereotypies and self-injurious behaviors.
    • Syndromes such as fetal alcohol syndrome, Down syndrome, fragile X, and Rett syndrome have distinct neurocognitive and psychiatric profiles.

    Conclusions:

    • Psychiatric illnesses in children with mental retardation require tailored approaches, considering communication impairments and developmental profiles.
    • Effective treatment planning involves collaboration with families and educators, utilizing psychotherapy, medication, and behavioral interventions.
    • Understanding specific syndromes is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management of co-occurring psychiatric conditions.