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Mycobacterium hiberniae sp. nov

J Kazda1, R Cooney, M Monaghan

  • 1Research Institute for Experimental Biology and Medicine, Borstel, Germany.

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology
|April 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

A new species of slowly growing, rose-pigmented mycobacteria was discovered in Ireland. Named Mycobacterium hiberniae, it is nonpathogenic and distinct from other known mycobacteria.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Mycobacteriology

Background:

  • Scotochromogenic, slowly growing mycobacteria are increasingly recognized in environmental samples.
  • Characterization of novel mycobacterial species is crucial for understanding microbial diversity and potential ecological roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize and classify a novel group of mycobacteria isolated from Irish sphagnum vegetation, moss, and soil.
  • To determine the phylogenetic and taxonomic position of these unique isolates.

Main Methods:

  • Phenotypic characterization including growth conditions, enzymatic activities, and biochemical tests.
  • Analysis of mycolate patterns and pyrolysis products.
  • Phylogenetic analysis using evolutionary distance values and DNA-DNA hybridization.

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Main Results:

  • The isolates exhibited unique rose-pink pigmentation and specific growth characteristics (22, 31, 37°C; not 45°C).
  • They possessed acid phosphatase and arylsulfatase, reduced nitrate, and were resistant to most antituberculous drugs except ethambutol.
  • Phylogenetic and DNA-DNA hybridization data confirmed the isolates represent a new species, distinct from M. nonchromogenicum, M. terrae, M. triviale, and M. thermoresistibile.
  • The new species, Mycobacterium hiberniae, was nonpathogenic in animal models but induced hypersensitivity reactions.

Conclusions:

  • The study describes a novel species of nonpathogenic, slowly growing mycobacteria, Mycobacterium hiberniae.
  • This discovery expands the known diversity of environmental mycobacteria and highlights their unique characteristics.