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Related Experiment Videos

Stringency and relaxation among the halobacteria

C Cimmino1, G L Scoarughi, P Donini

  • 1Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e dello Sviluppo, Università, La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.

Journal of Bacteriology
|October 1, 1993
PubMed
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Halobacteria exhibit diverse responses to amino acid starvation, with some showing stringent control over stable RNA synthesis and others relaxed control. Guanosine polyphosphates (ppGpp and pppGpp) do not accumulate during stringent responses in these organisms.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The stringent response is a crucial cellular mechanism regulating stable RNA synthesis in bacteria during nutrient limitation.
  • Eubacteria typically exhibit a stringent phenotype, characterized by guanosine polyphosphate (ppGpp) accumulation and inhibition of stable RNA synthesis under stress.
  • Halobacteria, a distinct group of archaea, have not been extensively studied regarding their stringent response mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the stringent response to amino acid starvation in halobacteria.
  • To determine if halobacteria accumulate guanosine polyphosphates (ppGpp and pppGpp) during starvation.
  • To compare the stringent control mechanisms in halobacteria with those in eubacteria.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Induction of amino acid starvation in four species of halobacteria.
  • Measurement of stable RNA accumulation.
  • Quantification of intracellular guanosine polyphosphates (ppGpp and pppGpp).
  • Assessment of the effect of anisomycin on the stringent response.

    • Main Results:

    • Two of four halobacterial species displayed stringent control of stable RNA, one showed a relaxed phenotype, and one exhibited an intermediate response.
    • Anisomycin reversed the stringent response in halobacteria, similar to chloroamphenicol's effect in eubacteria.
    • During the stringent response in halobacteria, neither ppGpp nor pppGpp accumulated; instead, GTP levels increased.
    • Stringency in halobacteria is dependent on tRNA deaminoacylation, a mechanism conserved with eubacteria.

    Conclusions:

    • Wild-type halobacteria can exhibit either stringent or relaxed phenotypes, unlike all tested wild-type eubacteria which are stringent.
    • Stringency in halobacteria is linked to tRNA deaminoacylation, indicating conserved regulatory principles.
    • Guanosine polyphosphates (ppGpp and pppGpp) are not effectors of stringent control over stable RNA synthesis in halobacteria.