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Related Concept Videos

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

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Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure...
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Antihypertensive Drugs: Vasodilators01:23

Antihypertensive Drugs: Vasodilators

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Vasodilators, primarily affecting the smooth muscles within arterial and venous walls, are commonly used for hypertension treatment. Medications such as minoxidil and hydralazine primarily target arteries and arterioles, while sodium nitroprusside acts on arterioles and venules. Minoxidil, functioning as a prodrug, is metabolized by hepatic sulfotransferase into its active form, minoxidil sulfate, after oral administration. This metabolite binds to the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) component of...
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Antianginal Drugs: Nitrates and β-Blockers01:16

Antianginal Drugs: Nitrates and β-Blockers

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In cardiovascular health, antianginal drugs combat angina pectoris — a condition marked by chest pain owing to diminished blood flow to the heart.
Organic nitrates,  such as nitroglycerin, play a pivotal role. Once metabolized, they liberate nitric oxide, a molecular marvel. Nitric oxide triggers guanylyl cyclase and augments cGMP production. This biochemical cascade orchestrates the relaxation of vascular smooth muscles, ushering in vasodilation and enhancing coronary blood flow....
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Paracrine Signaling01:21

Paracrine Signaling

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Paracrine signaling allows cells to communicate with their immediate neighbors via secretion of signaling molecules. Such a signal can only trigger a response in nearby target cells because the signal molecules degrade quickly or are inactivated if not taken up. Prominent examples of paracrine signaling include nitric oxide signaling in blood vessels, synaptic signaling of neurons, the blood clotting system, tissue repair/wound healing, and local allergic skin reactions. Nitric oxide as a...
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2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

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Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
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The Nitrogen Cycle01:49

The Nitrogen Cycle

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Nitrogen atoms, present in all proteins and DNA, are recycled between abiotic and biotic components of the ecosystem. However, the primary form of nitrogen on Earth is nitrogen gas, which cannot be used by most animals and plants. Thus, nitrogen gas must first be converted into a usable form by nitrogen-fixing bacteria before it can be cycled through other living organisms. The use of nitrogen-containing fertilizers and animal waste products in human agriculture has greatly influenced the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 2, 2025

Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds
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Nitric oxide

R A Star1

  • 1University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-8856.

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences
|November 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule involved in cell communication. Dysregulation of NO signaling contributes to cardiovascular diseases like hypertension and septic shock.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Molecular Signaling
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Nitric oxide (NO) acts as a critical signaling molecule in cellular communication.
  • Defects in NO signaling pathways are implicated in cardiovascular diseases such as systemic hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, and coronary artery disease.
  • While essential, high concentrations of NO can be cytotoxic, and its over-production is linked to conditions like septic shock and uremic bleeding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the cardiovascular and platelet actions of nitric oxide.
  • To emphasize clinical studies investigating agents that modulate the nitric oxide signaling cascade.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on cardiovascular and platelet effects of nitric oxide.
  • Analysis of clinical studies on agents targeting the nitric oxide signaling pathway.

Main Results:

  • Nitric oxide plays a dual role, essential for signaling but cytotoxic at high concentrations.
  • Modulation of nitric oxide signaling is a key therapeutic target for various cardiovascular conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding nitric oxide's complex role is crucial for managing cardiovascular diseases.
  • Clinical investigations into nitric oxide-modulating agents offer potential therapeutic strategies.