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Influence of sleep on respiratory function in emphysema
R D Ballard1, C W Clover, B Y Suh
1Department of Medicine, Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Colorado.
Summary
Sleep increases upper airway resistance and decreases ventilation in patients with emphysema. This study monitored respiratory function in COPD patients during sleep, finding significant changes that may impact breathing.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonary Medicine
- Sleep Medicine
- Respiratory Physiology
Background:
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) significantly impacts respiratory function.
- Emphysema, a component of COPD, involves lung tissue destruction.
- Sleep can influence respiratory control and mechanics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effects of sleep on respiratory function in patients with emphysema.
- To quantify changes in lung volumes, airway resistance, and respiratory drive during sleep.
Main Methods:
- Five patients with COPD and emphysema were studied.
- Horizontal body plethysmography was used to monitor respiratory parameters during sleep.
- Measurements included lung volume, lower airway resistance (Rla), upper airway resistance (Rua), tidal volume (VT), minute ventilation (VI), and esophageal occlusion pressure (P0.1).
Main Results:
- Sleep did not alter lung volume or Rla.
- Upper airway resistance (Rua) significantly increased during sleep, peaking during REM sleep.
- Tidal volume (VT) and minute ventilation (VI) decreased during sleep.
- Respiratory neuromuscular output, measured by P0.1, was reduced during sleep.
Conclusions:
- Sleep does not worsen lung volumes or lower airway resistance in emphysema patients.
- Sleep is associated with decreased tidal volume and minute ventilation.
- Increased upper airway resistance and reduced respiratory drive during sleep may contribute to decreased ventilation in emphysema.