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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Environmental Screening of Aeromonas hydrophila, Mycobacterium spp., and Pseudocapillaria tomentosa in Zebrafish Systems
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Mycobacterium haemophilum: an emerging pathogen

T E Kiehn1, M White

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European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases : Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology
|November 1, 1994
PubMed
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Mycobacterium haemophilum infections are increasing in immunocompromised individuals and children. Effective treatment involves long-term use of at least two antimicrobials with low minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs).

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Mycobacterium haemophilum is an emerging opportunistic pathogen.
  • Infections occur in immunocompromised patients (AIDS, organ transplant recipients) and healthy children.
  • Clinical presentations vary by age: adults typically show cutaneous or joint involvement, while children often have adenitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the clinical features, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies for Mycobacterium haemophilum infections.
  • To highlight the challenges in treating this emerging pathogen, including antimicrobial resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical cases and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
  • Identification of Mycobacterium haemophilum based on specific growth requirements (ferric ammonium citrate/hemin, 30-32°C incubation).

Main Results:

  • In vitro susceptibility testing identified amikacin, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, rifabutin, and rifampin as active agents.
  • Development of resistance to rifamycins was observed with prolonged treatment.
  • Successful treatment was achieved with multi-drug regimens (at least two agents) with low MICs over several months.

Conclusions:

  • Mycobacterium haemophilum requires specific culture conditions for isolation.
  • Antimicrobial resistance is a concern, necessitating careful drug selection and monitoring.
  • Prolonged combination therapy with agents demonstrating low MICs is crucial for effective treatment.