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Lenticular alterations in hypertensive rats

N J Unakar1, M Johnson

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309-4401, U.S.A.

Experimental Eye Research
|December 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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High-salt intake induced cataract development in Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats, linked to electrolyte imbalance and cellular changes in the lens. Salt-resistant rats showed no significant effects.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Nephrology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Cataract development is observed in Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) hypertensive rats with high-salt diets.
  • Hypertension in these rats is associated with altered ionic transport and electrolyte balance.
  • Morphological evaluation of lenses in DS and salt-resistant (DR) rats under high-salt conditions is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate lenticular morphology and systolic blood pressure (SBP) changes in DS and DR rats following high-salt administration.
  • To investigate the cellular and ultrastructural changes in the lenses of hypertensive rats on a high-salt diet.

Main Methods:

  • DS and DR rats were administered a high-salt diet for up to 33 weeks.
  • Lenses were extracted at intervals for light and transmission electron microscopy.

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  • Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was monitored throughout the study.

    • Main Results:

    • DR rats generally maintained normal SBP and lens morphology.
    • DS rats exhibited significant lenticular changes including epithelial cell alterations (multilayering, pyknotic nuclei, organelle swelling, increased lysosomes), bow disorganization, and fiber cell swelling.
    • These morphological changes resemble precataractous stages and suggest hyperosmolarity and altered electrolyte balance.

    Conclusions:

    • High-salt intake induces significant lenticular morphological changes in DS hypertensive rats.
    • These changes, including cellular alterations and swelling, indicate a disruption in electrolyte balance and hyperosmolarity.
    • Defects in ion transport and the sodium-potassium pump may contribute to cataract development in these hypertensive rats.