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Bronchial and thymic carcinoid tumors: a review
1Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto Hospital (General Division), Canada.
Digestion
|January 1, 1994
Summary
Bronchial carcinoid tumors are typically slow-growing with good prognoses, but can metastasize. Aggressive small cell carcinomas have a poor outlook, while carcinoid tumors are best treated with surgery.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Pulmonary Medicine
- Surgical Pathology
Background:
- Bronchial carcinoid tumors represent a spectrum of neuroendocrine neoplasms of the lung.
- These tumors range from indolent typical carcinoids to more aggressive atypical carcinoids and small cell carcinomas.
Observation:
- Typical carcinoids are slow-growing but can metastasize regionally or distantly.
- Atypical carcinoids exhibit more invasive behavior with higher rates of metastasis.
- Small cell carcinomas are highly aggressive with a poor prognosis.
Findings:
- Carcinoid tumors often present asymptomatically, with symptoms arising from obstruction or bleeding.
- Carcinoid syndrome and Cushing's syndrome are infrequent clinical manifestations, often indicating metastatic disease.
Implications:
- Surgical resection, including regional lymph nodes, is the primary treatment for bronchial carcinoid tumors.
- Understanding the varying aggressiveness is crucial for patient management and prognosis.
- Early diagnosis and complete surgical removal are key to favorable outcomes for typical carcinoids.
