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Methemoglobin reductase deficiency in a cat

J W Harvey¹, M Dahl, M E High

¹Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610.

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association

|November 1, 1994

Summary

A domestic shorthair cat presented with brown blood during surgery, indicating likely methemoglobinemia. Further analysis revealed a congenital erythrocyte methemoglobin reductase deficiency as the cause.

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Medicine
Hematology
Biochemistry

Background:

Methemoglobinemia is a condition where hemoglobin is oxidized, reducing oxygen transport.
Congenital causes of methemoglobinemia are rare but can result from enzyme deficiencies.
Diagnosis often involves blood analysis to quantify methemoglobin levels and identify underlying causes.

Observation:

A 6-month-old domestic shorthair cat undergoing ovariohysterectomy exhibited brown, discolored blood.
The cat showed persistent cyanotic mucous membranes without signs of toxicosis.
This clinical presentation suggested a potential congenital disorder rather than an acquired cause.

Findings:

Blood analysis confirmed significantly elevated methemoglobin levels at 49.6% (normal range: 0-1.1%).

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The elevated methemoglobin was attributed to a deficiency in erythrocyte methemoglobin reductase, with activity measured at 21% of normal.

This enzyme deficiency impairs the reduction of methemoglobin back to functional hemoglobin.

Implications:

This case highlights a rare congenital cause of methemoglobinemia in a feline patient.
Early identification and diagnosis of enzyme deficiencies are crucial for managing such conditions.
Understanding congenital methemoglobinemia aids in veterinary diagnostics and treatment strategies for similar cases.