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Glutamine synthetase gene evolution in bacteria

G Pesole1, C Gissi, C Lanave

  • 1Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biologia Molecolare, Universitá di Bari, Italy.

Molecular Biology and Evolution
|March 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Prokaryotic glutamine synthase (GS) gene evolution reveals early GSII divergence and a close Archaebacteria-Eubacteria relationship for GSI. Apparent polyphyly in Archaebacteria and gram-positive bacteria suggests gene duplication and lateral gene transfer.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Evolution
  • Genomics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Glutamine synthase (GS) is crucial for nitrogen metabolism in all domains of life.
  • Prokaryotic GS exists as two main isoforms, GSI and GSII, with distinct evolutionary histories.
  • Understanding GS gene evolution provides insights into early life diversification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary pathways of prokaryotic glutamine synthase (GS) genes (GSI and GSII).
  • To clarify the phylogenetic relationships between Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, and Eukaryotes using GS gene data.
  • To explain apparent inconsistencies in phylogenetic analyses of Archaebacteria and gram-positive bacteria.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic analysis using second codon positions of GS genes as a molecular clock.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Comparative analysis with phylogenetic data from ribosomal RNA (rRNA) large and small subunits.
  • Investigation of gene duplication events and lateral gene transfer.

    • Main Results:

    • GSII genes show early divergence between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, predating plant-animal split.
    • GSI phylogenetic analysis indicates Archaebacteria are more closely related to Eubacteria than Eukaryotes.
    • Apparent polyphyly of Archaebacteria and gram-positive bacteria is explained by gene duplication and lateral gene transfer, respectively.

    Conclusions:

    • The evolutionary history of GS genes supports a deep split between prokaryotic and eukaryotic GSII.
    • Phylogenetic relationships derived from GS genes offer a complementary view to rRNA analyses.
    • Gene duplication and lateral gene transfer are significant factors shaping the evolution of prokaryotic GS genes and their phylogenetic patterns.