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Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation affects renal function

B J Roy1, J D Cornish, R H Clark

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of South Alabama School of Medicine, Mobile, USA.

Pediatrics
|April 1, 1995
PubMed
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Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in neonates with severe respiratory failure is linked to increased fluid retention and temporary kidney function decline. These effects on renal function and fluid balance are key considerations during ECMO therapy.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Intensive Care
  • Pediatric Critical Care
  • Cardiopulmonary Support

Background:

  • Severe respiratory failure in neonates poses significant management challenges.
  • Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) offers life support for critically ill neonates.
  • Understanding ECMO's impact on organ systems is crucial for optimizing patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effects of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) on renal function in neonates.
  • To assess fluid balance changes in neonates undergoing venovenous ECMO for severe respiratory failure.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective chart review of 30 neonates meeting ECMO criteria.
  • Comparison between 18 neonates treated with venovenous ECMO and 12 managed without ECMO.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of renal function markers (urine flow, BUN, creatinine) and fluid balance over 108 hours.

    • Main Results:

    • Neonates on ECMO exhibited significantly higher positive fluid balance.
    • Lower urine flow rates were observed in the ECMO group.
    • Elevated blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels indicated transient renal impairment in ECMO patients.

    Conclusions:

    • Venovenous ECMO is associated with significant fluid retention in neonates.
    • Temporary impairment of renal function is a consequence of ECMO therapy.
    • These findings highlight the need for vigilant monitoring of fluid balance and renal function during neonatal ECMO.