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Physiologic variations in lower extremity venous valvular function

E Criado1, P F Daniel, W Marston

  • 1Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill 27599-7210, USA.

Annals of Vascular Surgery
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
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Prolonged standing causes significant changes in the proximal great saphenous vein (GSV) diameter and valve closure time (VCT), indicating potential venous valvular dysfunction. Deep veins showed no significant changes in venous function after prolonged standing.

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Physiology
  • Venous Hemodynamics
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Prolonged static standing is a common occupational exposure.
  • Understanding its effects on venous function is crucial for public health.
  • Previous studies have not fully elucidated the impact on valvular and calf muscle pump function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate physiological variations in venous valvular and calf muscle pump function.
  • To assess changes after prolonged stationary standing in healthy individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Duplex scanning to measure vein diameter, peak reflux flow velocity (PRFV), and valve closure time (VCT) in deep and superficial veins.
  • Air plethysmography to measure venous volume (VV), venous filling index (VFI), ejection fraction (EF), residual volume fraction (RVF), and outflow fraction (OF).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Measurements taken after brief activity and after 4-6 hours of stationary standing in 22 limbs of 11 healthy volunteers.

    • Main Results:

    • No significant changes in diameter or cross-sectional area (VA) in deep veins (CFV, SFV, POP).
    • Significant increase in proximal GSV diameter and VCT, but no change in PRFV.
    • No significant changes in the greater saphenous vein at the knee (kGSV).
    • Proximal GSV showed lower PRFV and shorter VCT compared to SFV and POP, but similar to CFV.

    Conclusions:

    • Prolonged stationary standing significantly affects proximal GSV diameter and VCT, suggesting potential venous valvular alterations.
    • Deep venous function and calf muscle pump mechanics appear resilient to prolonged static standing in healthy individuals.
    • Findings highlight the susceptibility of superficial veins to prolonged static postures.